Human society divides the surface of earth into different areas, territories, and several geographical, economic, social and cultural units in order to find its location. These homogenous and polarized zones are known as regions. A geographical approach to humans' activities on earth can make their operations more systematized. Distinguished territorial frameworks facilitate the ordering of information that administrators, that is those who are responsible for land-use planning, need. The spaces where we organize our life should not be considered as simple localities. They are dwelling places that give identity to us. We feel at home in the country we evolve and begin to establish bonds between people we come to know so that, that very territory eventually dominates our relationship. Some places are endowed with particular signification. Their landscape and their monuments symbolize collective identities. They are marked by a culture that takes root over time and become later transmitted to coming generations. It is worth noting that traditionally, the physical characteristics such as geomorphology and climatology were very important to geographers in the definition of region. Nowadays however, the communication network constitutes the generative force of Spatial organizations. In face of the dangers of global homogenization, men react and defend their long-held identities and seek to reestablish their attachment to familiar places and territories. In this light, they attempt to discover new ways to strengthen their affinity with living spaces.

Bishapur, a town in Fars, in the Sasanian period the administrative center of one of the five districts in the province of Fars that was built by Shapour.This essay tries to introduce and describe Spatial organization of Bishapur based on archeological founds. Main feature of this city has uncovered by A.-A. Sarfaraz in intermittent seasons between 1968 and 1978 he discovered and restored a temple devoted to Anahid and found part of the original northern city wall, where the river imposed an irregular boundary on the otherwise rectangular city plan.Spatial organization of city has four factors: territory, semi-independent wholes, structural elements and center (nucleus). These four factors has been studied in this city after review of concept of city in ancient Iran.

Housing researchers assume this issue more than just a human need for shelter and believe that culture is one of the main factors influencing its shape and form. But since culture is a complex and very general concept, it needs to be developed to measurable components such as lifestyle. Ignoring cultural and anthropological studies in recent years has reduced the satisfaction and loss of cultural identity in housing. Changing the way of life during different historical periods and the direct relationship with the shape and form of housing, enables us to study the impact of its impact on the housing in different historical periods. This paper follows the change of Spatiality in Kerman housing through the study on the evolution of lifestyle changes. The descriptive-analytical method is the method of this research. Firstly, by library studies, subject literature and secondly by field studies, gathering of existing samples in Kerman city, including houses in Qajar period, first Pahlavi, second Pahlavi, early Revolutionary and later modernity has been achieved. Then, houses of each period have adapted physically based on interviews and questionnaires collected from their residents to determine the impact of lifestyle on physical structure. Finally, in order to draw a conclusion through analyzing the physical patterns based on the historical changes of lifestyle, the results show that the change of this factor has a direct and visible impact on the body of housing and lack of sufficient knowledge and studies in this field caused them not to be appropriate for users in the latest periods.

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Spatial structure of a region, as a system, is the result of an ongoing process of space organization. In this way, the role of internal (climate, topography, land fertility etc.) and external factors (political and administrative factors, access etc.) were studied in the formation and development of the Spatial organization of Babol County from 1986 to 2011. So, primary indicators including city and centrality were studied to assess the relationship and differences between urban centers and its seven districts. The findings indicate that the political-official factors have the most prominent role particularly within the past decade. During the last four decades, Spatial organization of Babol County has been restructuring from center-periphery to the city area network (11 towns), but most of the activities and services of Babol County (more than 80%) were located in Babol City that represents primary city rule in this county.

Introduction In the past decade, planning at different levels, especially at the regional development, has experienced different ideas of organization of product activity. Industrial cluster concept on cooperation among manufacturing firms are proximity to one another. The trace of this concept can be found in the theories of industrial planning. It is what distinguishes the concepts, the impact of industrial clusters on various sectors of the economy, named economic planning; and to interact on regional Spatial development, named Spatial planning. Methodology Little attention has been paid by interdisciplinary scientists to this view of the industrial cluster; and researchers have been associated with regional development. This thesis is aimed to determine the role of industrial clusters in regional Spatial development and the role of Spatial development in optimizing the production of industrial cluster. Also, the attempt is to interact between physical, social, economic factors and Spatial development of regional industrial cluster. In general, industrial clusters within its definition set priorities on two concepts: 1. The geographical concentration of companies and institutions; and 2. Cooperation of product activities. So, companies, to achieve concepts, benefit values through activities of the production process. Michael Porter named it as value chain. These activities can generally be divided in two categories. The first category is called a primary activities, such as operations, marketing and sales, inbound/outbound logistic and services; and the second category is named support activities, such as procurement, technology development, human resource management, firm infrastructure Results and discussion Thus, the principal foundation of industrial clusters, resulting results in the value chain of operations in the value chain as primary activity and interacts to procurement, technology development, human resource management, firm infrastructure as support activities. Need to emphasize supply elements in mechanisms of growth changed regional growth models, and intra-regional flows of the resources (of capital and labor) are elements of the model. These models were developed in two main directions: 1. Focused on endogenous growth elements; 2. In addition to the resources of production (capital and labor), it seeks to engage the other factors of production, such as infrastructure and accessibility. Conclusion Thus, in the context of Spatial development of the region, the five processes that are named competitive, Spatial, social, interactive and endogenous processes production as space on the production of industrial clusters at region interact to in value chain. In strategic planning, SWOT is applied in regional Spatial planning that use on industrial clusters by three stages: 1. To decide the system of Spatial planning and its environment; 2. To develop a systematic framework for analysis; and 3. Proposal of possible strategic options. Within results of SWOT, strategy statement of regional Spatial development of Sari County based on industrial cluster provides a tool for guiding and restraining forces, trends and processes affecting the Spatial development. This statement contains a hierarchy of goals, objectives, and strategies, and policies. These are as alternative paths of action and attempt to provide the ideal model of regional Spatial planning based on industrial cluster.

A city is a socializing process that creates civilization, so mere physical formation and development cannot lead to the development of a town. Cities are a collection of interconnected organs formed by an identity community. The city is a cohesive and relative whole, each part plays an important role. Every sector plays its part in achieving a unique goal. In systematic analysis, the city consists of the elements that make up its Spatial organization. In Iran's traditional cities, for example, bazaars have formed a longitudinal structure along the direction of the town. In contrast, religious centers such as shrines and mosques have included circular designs in the middle of cities. As one of Iran's historical cities, Mashhad emerged in the 3rd century AH on the outskirts of the Toos and Tabaran villages. The development and expansion of Mashhad throughout history have always been affected by the town's religious center (the holy shrine of Imam Reza ). During the city's development, the sacred shrine of Imam Reza played a decisive role in how the city's Spatial organization was formed and changed. Since Mashhad's formation, urban development has always originated in the central zone. Consequently, a cohesive and homogeneous relationship with the surrounding environment has been a characteristic of holy shrines during the urban development. The city constituents always served this place, such as neighborhoods and access roads. Since the Safavid era, the continuous organic relationship between the center and other Mashhad Urban Spatial organization components has been broken due to fundamental changes in urban development plans and governmental interventions, which this study try to clarify. This study seeks to conduct a historical-analytical investigation of how Mashhad's broad foundation formed, changed, and contributed to the destruction of Mashhad's urban identity community within the region's constituent parts, including its center, structure, neighborhoods, and urban realm.

Ghandijan is an archaic city from Sassanian era to the early Islamic period.Its remains are located in an area of approximately 600 hectares near a village called Sarmashhad in Dadin district in the southwestern part of Fars province. The ruins of this prestigious ancient city which are identified in the authors' investigation, includes Tell Khandaq, Bahram Caravanserai, Qizqala, Tell Naqarakhane and the single arched building, which are scattered in different parts of the city.Despite the importance of this ancient site and the wide range of cultural materials in its area, comprehensive and detailed studies have not been carried out regarding the shape and function as well as the Spatial organization of this city.In this research, an attempt has been made to investigate the reason of Ghandijan formation in the Sassanid era and also its importance in the Islamic era. Also, questions about the characteristics of industries and productions, the state of ancient communication routes, the antiquity and use of ancient artifacts of this city must be answered.The analysis of the temporal and Spatial distribution of movable data in determining its antiquity, made it clear that the life of this city continued in the Islamic era from the era of the Rashidin Caliphs to the Khwarezmshahs and Atabakans of Fars.The old name of the city probably was “Kandigān” but another hypothesis is “Pandegān”. The early Islamic historians mentioned the name of Ghandejan as a city in Fars state. The context of the city located in the south of Iranian plateau near the coast of Persian Gulf. Sassanid cities were founded on specific styles. Firuzabad was the first City that was built by Sassanian kings in 224 C.E as The first capital of empire. Firuzabad is in rounded shape with regular and symmetrical circle and central core that consist a brick watch tower. The other style based on the ancient Roman cities modeling, The Hippodamus city planning. In Hippodamus style, city was built with four gates rectangular shape and two crossroads(Decumanus maximus, Cardo maximus). Inside the south west of Fars plain near the ruins of ancient city of Sarmashhad rounded moat remains from pre- Islamic period just like the Sassanid city style. The archaeological remains of Sarmashhad present an immigration in early Islamic period. The reason of abondanment is not clarified yet. The reason of Fundament of Ghandijan was Spatial situation and connection link of the plain between Bishapur, Darabgerd and Firuzabad to The Persian Gulf. The old roads of Ghandijan has shown the importance of tradeway to Sirāf port in coastline of the Persian Gulf. Sherds of pottery remained on surface of hills in plain. Analysis of pottery style and radiocarbon dating and petrography can represent chronology of the city. In our current studies, we consider all parts of archaeological evidence on the field. Sherds of potteries, mounds, architectural remains and satelite and aerial veiw considered to more provision evidence about the foundation of the city. The key research question is why Sassanian authorities chose this plain for construction of a new city?

In the field of environment and behavior, the Spatial organization of houses and the way of life have always had a mutual relationship, i.e., changes in the Spatial organization of houses impact the way of life of residents. The way of lifeis directly related to cultural practices, daily activities, and norms of the residents, whose changes can be observed and explored.It is possible to get a correct understanding of the reasons behind the formation of different residential interior spaces and changes in their organizationby studying the ways of life. In order to achieve this goal, examples of contemporary houses with courtyards in Ilamwere selected dating from 1350 to 1390 ASwhich were grouped according to their construction decades.They allhad two important features:they were not distinctive but common buildings in the city, and they allowedfor studying resident behavior inside houses. The samples were coded from A1 to E4 according to theirconstruction decade and to the location of the courtyardrelative to the building. This case study uses a mixed methodinterpretive and comparative approach using library research, observation, and classification of data obtained from interviews with residents regarding behavior and way of life analyzed with MAXQDA software. The results show changes in the Spatial organization of courtyardhouses in Ilam. These changes are not only related to the location of the courtyard relative to the building mass but also related to the construction decade of the house,which can be explained according to the changes in cultural practices and way of life. According to this research, these changes regard the number of spaces, their names, their position in the plan, as well as the type and number of activities in each space during different decades (50s to the 90s). Due to the rich cultural hospitality of the native Kurdish people, the assignment of the best part of the house to the reception area is still observed in the way of life of the residents. The courtyard is one of the spaces that has undergone reduced usage and furniture change, as explained in the discussions.